Internal-combustion engine.



PATENTED JAN. 29, 1907.

W. DIETER. K INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APB..17.1905.

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No. 842,182. PATBNTED JAN. 29, 19o?.

W. DIETER.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIGATION FILED APR.17,1905.

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Hls ATTORNEY.

" f UNITED sTAiTEs WILLIAM DIETER, oF NEW YoRK`,N. Y.

-m'rEnNAL-oomausirlon ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 29, 1907.

Application nel April 17, 1905. semi Nt. 255,910.

Beilt known that I, WILLIAM DIETER, a citiZ'enVof-'the United States, residing at the borough of Brooklyn, in the city of New York, county of Kings, and State of New- The main object of the invention is to pro-v vide an internal-combustion engine whereln the various parts will be so constructed and arranged as to insure'high efcienc and economy and to minimize the liabi ity of the jamming of or injury to the various valves and valve mechanisms or ofinjury to the cylinder-head resulting from a. disarrangement or breakage of said valves -or their mechanisms.

A further object is to provide automatic means cooling theA bearings of the exhaustvalve stem.` l

A still further object is to provide simple means in an automatic exhaust-valve for initiating the opening thereof.

A still further object is to provide a c linder-head construction whereln the brea g of a valve-stem will not cause material or irreparable injury to the cylinder-head casting; and a still further obj ect is to provide a cylinder construction for internal-combustion engines which will be simple in design, which ma be conveniently assembled, and which j wil be inexpensive to-manufacture and'economical to run. l

The Inventlon consists 1n the novel features of construction and combination of parts-hereinafter set forth and described, and

, more particularly pointed out in the claims hereto appended.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of one cylinder of an internalcombustion engine embodying my invention. l1"ig.j,2 is a horizontal section of the cylinderhead" and its appurtenances, taken on the line Y j j 1g and Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the cylind d and its appurtenances, .taken on thelinev 3 3 of Fig. 1.

Like letters refer. to like parts throughout the several views. 1

the accompanying drawings,Aindicates to connecting bot ythe main cylinder-body, having radiating flanges common to air-cooled cylinders.

Moving in this cylinder is the piston B., Which` is connected to the crank C bymeans of the connecting-rod D and wrist-pin D. The `crank C is inclosed in an ordinary crank-shaft casing E, secured to the c linder-body in an desired manner, but re erabl by bolts E arranged exteriorl o said body and serving the said casing and the head-casting F thereto. Inasmuch as the type of engine shown is a four-cycle, I provide therewith la link movement to be hereinafter described actuated from the crank-shaft through the gear G on said shaft and the gear G on the counter-shaft H, the latter'ofwhich gears is of a diameter twice that of the former and carries a cam controlling said link movement. l

This mechanism is such as is now commonly used, my invention relating more particularly to the cylinder-head and the valve kconstruction and arrangement.

In the various types of 'internal-combus-l .tion' engines now commonly in use the headcasting has therein two independent rports with pup et-valves controlling same. hese ports an their valves are ordinarily in and carried by what mayI be termed a bus lfitted in openings inthe cylinder-head.

this construction the re eated contraction and expansion of the meta s may shrink these bushings, thus causing leakage and weakness at those oints. A further dlfliculty encountered is t at inasmuch as one of these ports is exclusively for the exhaust andthe other is exclusively for the intake the temperature of the cylinder-head about .these ports is not uniform, and the only cooling about said `exhaust port and valve is effected through radiation fromthe cylinder-head resulting in continuous high temperature at this -point-a difficulty which is fur-ther augmented by the inability to employ an exhaust-port of a ca acity to rapidly expand and exhaust the cated gases after each explosion. In this type of cylinder it is also founddifcult to so operate t accurately the-initiation ofthe interval of exhaust and of charging. Another source of- In my lmproved cylinder construction the IOO e exhaust and the intake valves as to time IIO head-casting F is [rovided with a single enlarged ort centra closed y a pu pet-valve, (for convenience termed herein te compression-valvaf) the exhaust and the intake orts being arranged in connection with a c amber beyond said compression-valve, thus allowinga port oflarge capacity for both the exhaust and the intake and avoiding all bushings or seams incidental to the common construction above referred to, as well as avoiding Within the cylinder a localization of the heat of the exhaust. This head preferably consists of'a casting F, having `a central sup lemental chamber a therein, the said cham er havi on opposite sides thereof an intake-port b an an exhaustport c and inthe bottom a cylinder-port d, establishing communication between said supplemental -chamber and said' cylinder.v

The exhaust-port c o ens directly into an exhaust-chamber c', W ich discharges throu h the pipe c2, preferably into a muffler. e port b opens into a vapor-chamber b', which 1s in communication through the pipe b with a carbureter or othei` sourceyof supply for gases or vapors. 7 On the under side of the casting F about the port d is formed a valve-seat for the compression-valve e of the puppet type.

In the top of the head-casting opposite the cylinder-port d is an openlng in whic 1s snugly but removably fitted a anged bearing f f or the stem e ofthe valve e, which bearing is elongated and projects into the chamber a in said casting. The bearing is held in place partly by the friction between it and the said casting and artly by the reaction of the spring ez actin between it and a collar e3 on said stem e', w ich serves to normally close the valve e. The portion of the bearing beyond the casting F is formed into a suitable seat for said spring.

Carried on the counter-shaft H is a cam g, which is so set as to raise the link g' during two entire strokes ol the engine. The upper end of this link is connected to one arm of a rocking lever g2, the other arm ofwhich is adaptedto engage the valve-stem e and open this valve e against the tension of the spring e2. The lower end of .the link g is provide with an adjustable socket-sleeve g3, which acts on a screw-thread onA the lowerend of the 'said link and is set by a lock-nut, as shown. A short rod g4 is mounted in a bearing g5 on the casing E with a facelate thereon contactinr wlth the cam g. he spring e2 serves to hold said rod and said socket-sleeve in relation to each other, as well as to hold the faceplate of the former in engagement with the cam g.

Closing the intake-port b is a valve h, carried by a stem h', mounted in an elongated bearing i, proj ecting into the vapor-chamber b. The outer end of thisbearing is formed into a spring-chamber, in which is seated an ly thereof, which port is against the collar h3 on the outer end of the f stem hto normally close said valve. The face of the casting about the port b forms a `valve-seat for said valve, which is situated within said supplemental chamber.

The port c is closed by a valve j, arranged within the exhaust-chamber c. This valve has a bipart-stem j mounted in the elongated bea 1c, W Ach projects into the said chamber. itted to the outer cup-like endof said bearing k is a cylindrical casing c, ha a plurality of openings, as k2, therein and a caring in the end thereof for the outer end of the stem i2; An 4expansion-spring l, also of small tension, is mounted on the stem jz and acting between the end of the casing 7c and an enlarged collar j serves to normally close the valve 9', an annular stop y" serving to so limit the action of saidspring aS to permit a small independent action of thestem j sufficient to insure a sudden start of the valve carried thereby free from the inluence of the said spring. The collar js is enlarged to serve as a plunger to expel and draw air into the casing k to aid in cooling this valve mechanism.

The valve mechanisms herein described are entirely automatic, although, if desired, positively-operated valves may be employed 1n connection with other features of .cylinder construction necessary to the employment .of a compression-valve without-departing ber, where contact with the bearingf will merely serve to displace said bearing without further injury to the head.

carried by the cylinder-head F is a Spark! plug m Vor other means of ignition.

In the drawings the several parts -are in the position assumed just prior to the exploslon of the charge then under compression by the spark-plug m. It will be observed that in this position the compressionvalve e is clsed, cutting out both the err--` 'haust-valve j and the intake-valve h.

As the charge is fired the piston b is forced downward on its direct movement, turning the crank C and through the gears G G the counter-shaft H, the latter making one revolution to two of the former. When the piston reaches the limit of its direct movement upon this the ex lesion or -third stroke, the cam g, through t e stem g4, sleeve g3, link g', and lever g2, opens the valve e -against the tension of the sp1-'mg e2 and holds it ,open during the next two strokes cf the engine, thus establishing communication between drawn from t the cylinder A and the supplemental chamber'a during this interval.- With this opening of the valve e the products of combustion within the cylinder expand and are forced into the chamber a b the return reciprocation of the piston, t e pressure within the chamber a being sufficient to overcome the tension of thel spring l and automatically operate the exhaust-valve j to open the exhaust-port c. The slight play between the two arts of the valve-stem 7'2 of said valve is su cient Ato insure said valve being readily started.

Substantially simultaneously with the limit of the return reciprocation of said piston on the first stroke the'spring l will automatically operate the valve to close the port c. y Y

The-exhaust passes through the port c to the chamber e and thence to the muffler or point of discharge through the pipe c2, the dimensions of these parts being sufficiently large'to permit a further expansion of the heated exhaust and its rapid passage fromthe cylinder A'and cham er c, and thus heating of the various parts "U on the initiation of the first' or charging stro e the valve j closes theport c andthe port d remains open, thus causing the suction .within the cylinderto automatically draw the valve 71, within the chamber a a` amst the tension of the spring h2, opening t e port b and permittingla charge of vapor or gas to be e carbureteror other source of supply into the `cylinder A through the cham er a. Toward or upon the completion ofthe direct reci rocation of the piston upon the first stroke t e valve eis operated by the spring e, the cam g having assumed a'posit1on permitting the spring to so act to close the port d, it remaining closed during the next two strokes-the compression and the explosion'. When the valve e is thus closed,

the spring h2 automatically closes the valve b. It will be observed that the exhaust and the intake te the cyiinder A are through the same port d, thus insuring substantial u niformity in thev temperature within the' cylinder-by uniform temperature not meaning that all parts of the cylinder are at the same temperature, but that adjacent to thecylinder-head the exhaust heats all parts of the cylinder under the same conditions and that therefore the incoming gases have a similar cooling effect on'all these parts. Furtherj more, as the exhaust in passing through the..

supplemental chamber a heats the bearing f,

as well as the various valves and the walls of this chamber, the-vapors as they enter this serve to cool these parts also.

The vapors enterm the cylinder also aid in cooling its walls, t e -heat absorbed servingalso to in-l by the charge is introduced to said cylcrease the efficiency ofthe charge.-

The cylinder lmay be further cooled by a water-jacket or the annular radiation ringsaiding in this cooling by maintaining a circulation-of fresh air within the casing 7c through the openings k2 therein. The great clearance afforded the exhaust also tends to limit the heatin effect thereof.

It w1ll be observed thatV by reason of the automatic action of the valves closing the .exhaust and the intake port these valves are Vcontrolled entirely by the piston, thus dispensing with the necessity for nicely-adjusted ink mechanisms controlling these valves. Under some conditions, however, Vit may be desirable or preferred toy use mechanicallyactuated valves, and I do not wish to be understood as limiting the invention to an automatic valve mechanism.

lf -it be desired to limit the period of exhaust or ofthe intake to less than a -full stroke of the engine, it is apparent that the cut-out of the chamber a may be'regulated as desired, through a variance 1n thecontour of the cam g. L

y The economy in running the engine is due to the increased efficiency of each charge by reason of the absorption by the vapors or gases of the heat from various parts within the chamber a and from the cylinderA and by reason of the possibility of runningthe engine with the cylinder at a uniformly greater heat than is possible when the'valve mechanisms are .subjected directly to the heated exhaust.

It is not my intention to limit the invention to the precise details of construction described and shown in the drawings, inasmuch as many of these details are common expedients, and some of my novel combinations maybe replaced by other and well-known mechanisms without discarding or materiall altering other novel subcombinations.

lilaving described the invention, what I Iclaim as new, and desire to have protected by Letters Patent, isc 1. In'an internal-combustion engine, the combination with a main cylinder having a dome-like cylinder-head the walls of which within said cylinder decline from a substantially central port to the walls of the cylinder, said head comprising a casing forming a supplemental chamber above said dome, anda port establishing communication between said chamber and said cylinder wherevalve mechanism for each 'of said ports, and

means controlling said valve mechanisms, of a piston moving in said cylinder, and a crank and'connecting-rod mechanism.

2. Inl an internal-combustion engine, the combination with a main cylinder having a casingforming a supplemental chamber and an exhaust-chamber, ports respectively establishing communication between said supplementa chamber vand said cylinder and said supplemental chamber and said exhaustchamber whereby the charge is introduced yto said cylinder, and the exhaust is discharged therefrom, through said supplemental chamber, a com ression-valve for said ort' into said cylin er, a bearing projecte .finto said exhaust-chamber, a valve "mounted in said bearing and inovable in said exhaust-chamber, a' s ring normally`closing said valve whereby t e exhaust will automatically open said valve, a perforated casing inclosin the stem of said valve and said spring, a unger-ring on said stem, means whereby uel .is introduced lto said supplemental chamber by means of an intake-port therein, a valve mechanism for-said intakeport, and'means controlling said valve mechamsms, of a piston moving in said lcylinder and a crank and connecting-rod mechanism. 3. In an internal-combustion engine, the

' combination with a main cylinder having a v casing forming a supplemental chamber and an exhaust-chamber, ports respectively establishing communication between said supplemental chamber and said c linder and said supplemental chamber an said exhaustchamber, whereby the charge is introduced to said cylinder and the exhaust is discharged therefrom, through said supplemental chamber, a com ression-valve for said port into .said cylin er, abearingprojecting into said exhaust-chamber, a valve mounted in said bearing and movable in said exhaust-chamber, a bipart stein for said valve, a spring acting on one of said parts to normally close said valve, means controlling said sprin whereby the part of the stem carrying sai valve will have slight movement independently of said s ring, whereby the exhaust will automatica y open said valve, means whereby fuel is introduced to said supplemental chamber by.l means of an inta e-port therein, a valve mechanism for y said intake-port, and means controlling said mechanism.

valve mechanisms, ol a piston moving in said cylinder and a crank and connecting-rod 4. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination with a main cylinder having a casing forming a supplementahchamber and an exhaust-chamber, ports respectively establishing communication between said supplelnental chamber and said cylinder, and

said sup plemental chamber and said exhaustchamber whereby the vcharge is introduced to said cylinder, and the exhaust is discharged therefrom, through said supplemental chamber, a com ression-valve for said port into said cham er, a bearing project-ing into said exhaust-chamber, a valve mounted in said bearing and movable in said exhaust-chamber, a bipart stem for said valve, a spring acting on one of said parts to normall close said valve, means controlling said sprlng whereby the part of the stem carrying said valve will have slight movement independently of said s ring, whereby the exhaust will automatica y open said valve, a erforated casing inclo'sing the stem of sald valve and said spring, a plunger-ring on said stem, means whereby uel is introduced to said supplemental chamber by means of an intake-port therein, a valve mechanism for said'intake-port, and means controlling said valve mechanisms, of a piston moving in said cylinder and a crank and connecting-rod mechanism.

5. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination with a main cflinder having a dome-shaped cylinder-hea the walls of which within said cylinder decline from a substantially central port to the walls of the cylinder, said head comprising a casing formingasupplemental chamber, avapor-chamber and an exhaust-chamber above said dome, and having ports establishi communication between said supplementa chamber and said c linder', and between said supplemental cham er and said'vapor-chamber, and said exhaust-chamber respectively,l whereby the charge is introduced to said cylinder, and the exhaust is discharged therefrom through said chamber, a loosely-mounted bearing projecting vinto said supplemental chamber, a

compression-valve having its stem mounted in said bearing',- for said4 ort, a spring acting on said stem andfsaid caring to normally close said valve, a bearing projecting into said exhaust-chamber, a valve mounted in saidbearing closing the port establishin communication between said supplementa chamber and said exhaust-chamber, and movable in said last-mentioned chamber, a bipart stem for said valve, a spring acting on one of said parts tending to normally close said valve, means controlling said spring whereb the part `of the stem carrying t e valve wil have slight movement inde- IOO Eendently of said spring, whereby the excylinder and a crank and connecting-rod aust will automatically open said valve, a mechanism.

perforated easing inelosing the stem of said In witness whereof I'liave hereunto aflixed valve, and said spring, a.plungeiring` on said my signature, this 10th day of April, 1905. iii

5 stem, a bearing projecting into said vaporthe presence of two witnesses.

chamber, a valve mounted in said bearing III UM IFTER and movable in said supplemental chamber D J' and a spring normally closing said valve Witnesses: wherebythepiston suetionwill automatically ELEANOR T. MINOGUE, lio open said valve, of a piston moving in said FRANK T. WENTWORTH. 

